The land carrying capacity and environmental risk assessment of livestock and poultry breeding considering crop planting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - At present, the contradiction between survival and ecology necessitates the integration of crop planting, chemical fertilizer application, and...     

同步辐射光谱技术在有机固废污染控制与资源化研究中的应用

有机固废中碳、磷、硫及重金属等元素赋存形态是决定其环境行为、反应活性及资源化再利用的关键因素.同步辐射光谱技术可以在分子水平、微纳米尺度原位表征有机固废中碳、磷、硫、重金属等元素赋存形态、结合位点、微观结构,为深入阐明有机固废环境行为、反应机制提供直接的证据.概述了X射线吸收光谱、微束X射线荧光光谱等同步辐射光谱技术在有机固废污染控制与资源化研究的中应用进展,并对同步辐射光谱技术在该领域应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望,以期为有机固废资源化再利用及其污染控制等研究提供参考.     

长三角地区跨区域合作创新对区域多样化的影响研究

区域多样化发展在提高生产力、促进就业以及稳定经济等方面发挥着重要作用.一直以来演化经济地理学框架下区域多样化发展中外部资源的作用被忽略,而跨区域合作创新是区域获取外部知识的重要途径之一.研究使用2000～2017年长三角地区41个城市的发明专利数据,对区域经济一体化特征显著的长三角地区多样化水平与合作创新进行测度,并实证检验区域内部与跨区域的合作创新在区域多样化进程中所发挥的作用.结果表明:(1)长三角地区各城市的相关与不相关多样化水平总体呈现逐渐上升并趋于稳定的趋势;(2)合作创新作为知识流动的重要载体,合作参与者大多位于长三角内,合作创新所产生的知识溢出往往发生在具有技术关联性的产业间,从而有助于促进长三角地区发展相关多样化,但对不相关多样化没有表现出显著影响;(3)合作创新中参与团队数量与区域相关与不相关多样性没有显著关系;(4)合作创新中跨区域合作比例越高,越能够促进区域相关与不相关多样化的发展.因此,在推动区域产业多样化的过程中应注重强化区域间的合作,借助外部力量引导区域产业发展.     

Temporal trends in agricultural water use and the relationships to hydroclimatic factors in the High Plains aquifer region

The High Plains aquifer (HPA) is the primary water source for agricultural irrigation in the US Great Plains. The water levels in many locations of the aquifer have declined steadily over the past several decades because the rate of water withdrawals exceeds recharge, which has been a serious concern to the water resources management in the region. We evaluated temporal trends and variations in agricultural water use and hydroclimatic variables including precipitation, air temperature, reference evapotranspiration, runoff, groundwater level, and terrestrial water storage across the HPA region for different periods from 1985 to 2020 at the grid, county, or region scale. The results showed that water withdrawals decreased from 21.3 km³/year in 1985 to 18.2 km³/year in 2015, while irrigated croplands increased from 71,928 km² in 1985 to 78,464 km² in 2015 in the entire HPA. The hydroclimatic time-series showed wetting trends in most of the northern HPA, but drying and warming trends in the southern region from 1985 to 2020. The groundwater level time-series indicated flat trends in the north, but significant declining in the central and southern HPA. Trends in irrigation water withdrawals and irrigation area across the HPA were controlled by the advancement of irrigation systems and technologies and the management of sustainable water use, but also were affected by dynamical changes in the hydroclimatic conditions.     

两种水生昆虫头宽与基于图像分析的大小参数关系性分析

对于水生昆虫及其它生物而言,大小是一个重要的功能性状,但是头宽的测量特别耗时和受人为因素影响.随着计算机技术的发展,基于图像分析技术(一种快速测量大小的策略)可获得传统方式难以获得的大小参数,明确这些大小参数与头宽的关系,对推动这些参数的应用具有重要意义.选择两种个体大小差异较大的蜉蝣(梧州蜉和光滑细蜉)作为研究对象,对其头宽与基于数字图像获得的面积,周长,最小矩形的长和宽,最适合椭圆的长轴和短轴和粒径等个体大小参数的相关性进行研究.数字图像采用改进后的描述仪扫描获取;图像分析基于ImageJ软件完成;基于二元直线回归和多元直线回归分析各参数之间的相关性.各种层次的回归分析结果均表明:基于图像分析获得的两种蜉蝣所有个体大小参数均与头宽大小呈极其显著的正相关性,其中面积的相关性最高.并且面积与其它大小参数相关性也极其显著,对个体大小具有较好的代表性.研究结果为推动数字图像分析技术应用在水生昆虫及其它生物的生物学和生态学研究中提供了技术支持和理论依据.     

基于小流域单元的怒江州泥石流易发性评价

开展泥石流灾害易发性评价,了解区域泥石流易发程度的整体特征和空间异质性,为区域宏观层面国土空间布局及地质灾害防治规划等提供依据。基于小流域评价单元,选择距断裂带距离、岩性、melton比率、流域延伸率、流域高差率、河流弯曲系数、流域水系密度、平均植被覆盖度、年均降水量、距道路距离、距居民点距离等11个评价指标,采用确定性系数模型CF和多因子叠加权重确定法开展怒江州泥石流易发性评价研究。将易发性评价结果划分为5个等级,并以研究区历史泥石流灾害对易发性评价结果验证。结果表明:极高易发区面积仅占研究区总面积的8.31%,但发生泥石流灾害的数量占泥石流总数的29.75%;高易发区的面积占总面积的12.29%,发生泥石流的数量占22.59%。最后通过独立样本验证,易发性评价模型性能(AUC=0.742)良好。怒江州泥石流灾害易发性评价结果与历史泥石流灾害点空间分布较为吻合,表明选取的易发性评价指标和评价方法可行,评价结果可为怒江州防灾减灾工作提供参考。     

A new prediction method of industrial atmospheric pollutant emission intensity based on pollutant emission standard quantification

● Established a quantification method of pollutant emission standard. ● Predicted the SO₂ emission intensity of single coking enterprises in China. ● Evaluated the influence of pollutant discharge standard on prediction accuracy. ● Analyzed the SO₂ emissions of Chinese provincial and municipal coking enterprises. Industrial emissions are the main source of atmospheric pollutants in China. Accurate and reasonable prediction of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from single enterprise can determine the exact source of atmospheric pollutants and control atmospheric pollution precisely. Based on China’s coking enterprises in 2020, we proposed a quantitative method for pollutant emission standards and introduced the quantification results of pollutant emission standards (QRPES) into the construction of support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) prediction methods for SO₂ emission of coking enterprises in China. The results show that, affected by the types of coke ovens and regions, China’s current coking enterprises have implemented a total of 21 emission standards, with marked differences. After adding QRPES, it was found that the root mean squared error (RMSE) of SVR and RFR decreased from 0.055 kt/a and 0.059 kt/a to 0.045 kt/a and 0.039 kt/a, and theR² increased from 0.890 and 0.881 to 0.926 and 0.945, respectively. This shows that the QRPES can greatly improve the prediction accuracy, and the SO₂ emissions of each enterprise are highly correlated with the strictness of standards. The predicted result shows that 45% of SO₂ emissions from Chinese coking enterprises are concentrated in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces in central China. The method created in this paper fills in the blank of forecasting method of air pollutant emission intensity of single enterprise and is of great help to the accurate control of air pollutants.     

基于国产“风云三号”卫星MERSI的太湖蓝藻水华监测业务化应用

使用无锡市环境监测中心站环境遥感综合处理系统,对2017年7—11月FY-3/MERSI影像数据进行蓝藻水华提取分析,并通过当日与国外MODIS、VIIRS影像数据的蓝藻水华提取结果进行协同比对,验证FY-3/MERSI影像在蓝藻水华预警监测业务化应用的前景。结果表明,3种数据源均能实现蓝藻水华空间分布的业务化运行;由于卫星过境时间的不同,可综合利用这3种数据源观测太湖蓝藻水华在一天中的动态变化,分析蓝藻水华的发生规律。     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器测定邻苯二甲酸酯色谱条件优化

采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器对6种PAEs类物质进行测定,并对梯度洗脱条件、流速、检测波长等影响化合物色谱响应的关键参数进行优化。综合考虑样品测试效率、分析精度、实际样品中存在杂质干扰等因素,确定以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,洗脱0~11 min流动相乙腈-水梯度比例为50∶50,11 min后流动相调整为100%乙腈,各化合物均能完全分离;色谱分析流速为0.8 m L/min;PAEs的最佳吸收波长为225 nm。在优化的色谱条件下,6种PAEs的线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999 8,仪器检出限为0.08~0.12 mg/L,保留时间、峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为0.02%~0.60%、0.13%~0.86%。方法灵敏度较高,适合土壤等邻苯二甲酸酯含量较高基质样品的快速分析。     

淮河支流污染物综合降解系数动态测算

确定河流污染物综合降解系数动态变化规律对提高水环境容量测算精度和水环境管理具有重要意义。通过现场模拟法,采用一维稳态模型测算了淮河支流洪河五沟营-塔桥乡河段COD、氨氮和总磷在枯水期、平水期和丰水期的综合降解系数,COD、氨氮和总磷降解系数在各水期的关系为枯水期平水期丰水期,提出了建议值并利用实测浓度对计算结果进行了检验,结果表明,不同水期综合降解系数吻合情况较好。